Verb Tenses Review
1. Simple present – Usado para expressar ações frequentes / rotinas
Auxiliary Verb - DO / DOES - apenas para a negativa / interrogativa
Structure
Affirmative
|
Subject
|
Main verb
|
Complement
| ||
Interrogative
|
Auxiliary verb
|
Subject
|
Main verb
|
Complement
| |
Negative
|
Subject
|
Auxiliary verb
|
Not
|
Main verb
|
Complement
|
Example:
-
She studies French.
-
Does she study French?
-
She does not study French.
2. Simple past – Usado para expressar ações completas no passado (pricipalmente para ações rápidas)
Auxiliary verb - DID – apenas para a negativa / interrogativa
Affirmative - acrescenta-se D/ED aos verbos regulares. No caso dos verbos irregulares é necessário usar a lista de verbos irregulares
Structure
Affirmative
|
Subject
|
Main verb
|
Complement
| ||
Interrogative
|
Auxiliary verb
|
Subject
|
Main verb
|
Complement
| |
Negative
|
Subject
|
Auxiliary verb
|
Not
|
Main verb
|
Complement
|
Example:
-
She spoke French.
-
Did she speak French?
-
She did not speak French.
-
3. Verb TO BE
O verbo TO BE é o único verbo em inglês que realmente sofre alterações para cada pessoa, quando “conjugado”.
Example:
-
She is a student.
-
Is she a student?
-
She is not a student.
O verbo To Be não utiliza-se de verbos auxiliares.
Tambem não é usado o verbo To Be com outros verbos, em uma mesma frase do simplepresent ou simple past.
Ex: I am study English. I study English
Subject
|
Simple Present
|
Simple Past
|
I
|
Am
|
Was
|
You
|
Are
|
Were
|
He
|
Is
|
Was
|
She
|
Is
|
Was
|
It
|
Is
|
Was
|
We
|
Are
|
Were
|
You
|
Are
|
Were
|
They
|
Are
|
Were
|
4. Present continuous – Usado para ações em andamento no momento.
No present continuous é necessário usar o verbo to be como verbo auxiliar e o verbo principal no gerundio (present participle)
Gerund = Verb + ing (e.g.: to work - working)
O verbo to be funciona aqui como verbo auxiliar.
Structure
Affirmative
|
Subject
|
Auxiliary verb
|
Main verb
|
Complement
| |
Interrogative
|
Auxiliary verb
|
Subject
|
Main verb
|
Complement
| |
Negative
|
Subject
|
Auxiliary verb
|
Not
|
Main verb
|
Complement
|
Example:
-
She is studying French now.
-
Is she studying French now?
-
She is not studying French now.
5. Past continuous – Usado para ações que estiveram em andamento durante algum tempo no passado.
Structure
Affirmative
|
Subject
|
Auxiliary verb
|
Main verb
|
Complement
| |
Interrogative
|
Auxiliary verb
|
Subject
|
Main verb
|
Complement
| |
Negative
|
Subject
|
Auxiliary verb
|
Not
|
Main verb
|
Complement
|
Example:
-
She was studying French yesterday.
-
Was she studying French yesterday?
-
She was not studying French yesterday.
6. Present perfect – Usado para situações que começaram no passado e continuam no presente
Auxiliary verb - have / has - negative / interrogative / affirmative
Structure
Affirmative
|
Subject
|
Auxiliary verb
|
Main verb
|
Complement
| |
Interrogative
|
Auxiliary verb
|
Subject
|
Main verb
|
Complement
| |
Negative
|
Subject
|
Auxiliary verb
|
Not
|
Main verb
|
Complement
|
Example:
-
She has studied French since last year.
-
Has she studied French since last year?
-
She has not studied French since last year.
7. Past perfect – Usado para situações que começaram no passado, continuaram no presente durante algum tempo mas agora já estão encerradas.
Auxiliary verb - had
Past perfect = forma passada do present perfect
Structure
Affirmative
|
Subject
|
Auxiliary verb
|
Main verb
|
Complement
| |
Interrogative
|
Auxiliary verb
|
Subject
|
Main verb
|
Complement
| |
Negative
|
Subject
|
Auxiliary verb
|
Not
|
Main verb
|
Complement
|
Example:
-
She had studied French for one year.
-
Has she studied French for one year?
-
She has not studied French for one year.
8. Future
8.1. Will - usado para um futuro distante (incerto) / decisões repentinas ou imediatas.
Structure
Affirmative
|
Subject
|
Auxiliary verb
|
Main verb
|
Complement
| |
Interrogative
|
Auxiliary verb
|
Subject
|
Main verb
|
Complement
| |
Negative
|
Subject
|
Auxiliary verb
|
Not
|
Main verb
|
Complement
|
Example:
-
She will study French next year.
-
Will she study French next year?
-
She will not study French next year.
8.2. To be going to – usado para um futuro próximo, uma decisão já tomada ou ação planejada.
Structure
Affirmative
|
Subject
|
Auxiliary verb
|
Main verb
|
Complement
| |
Interrogative
|
Auxiliary verb
|
Subject
|
Main verb
|
Complement
| |
Negative
|
Subject
|
Auxiliary verb
|
Not
|
Main verb
|
Complement
|
Example:
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